Chlorobis copper (i) complex compositions and methods of manufacture and use

ABSTRACT

A method of manufacturing an anhydrous copper complex of formula C 12 H 10 ClCuN 2 O 4  and methods of treating neuromuscular and other diseases, including but not limited to fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, fatigue, sleeplessness, loss of fine motor control, speech loss, inflexibility, Alzheimer&#39;s, dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, lyme disease, lyme disease co-infection, gastroparesis (GP), myopathy, chronic inflammation and/or incontinence. The anhydrous copper complex preferably is administered in a pharmaceutical and/or dietary supplement composition of the invention.

RELATED APPLICATION DATA

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/237,876 filed Feb. 8, 2014 (published as U.S. Publication No.20140243301), which is the U.S. National Stage of InternationalApplication No. PCT/US2012/050212, filed Aug. 9, 2012, which claims thebenefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/521,698 filed Aug. 9,2011, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by referencein their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical and/or dietarysupplement compositions and methods of treating neuromuscular and otherdiseases, including but not limited to fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis,muscular dystrophy, Alzheimer's, dementia, amyotrophic lateralsclerosis, depression, and/or rheumatoid arthritis. The presentinvention also encompasses pharmaceutical and/or dietary supplementcompositions and methods of treating other physical ailments anddisorders, including but not limited to pain, fatigue, sleeplessness,loss of fine motor control, speech loss, inflexibility, lyme disease,lyme disease co-infection, gastroparesis (GP), myopathy, chronicinflammation and/or incontinence. The method typically comprisesadministration to a subject in need thereof an anhydrous copper complexof formula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄. The invention also generally relates topharmaceutical treatment regimes and methods of making the anhydrouscopper complex of the present invention.

2. Discussion of the Background

A litany of human diseases and other ailments are characterized byneuromuscular degeneration and muscle weakness. The term “neuromusculardisease” refers to disorders that adversely affect muscle functionand/or the control thereof by the central nervous system (CNS). Ingeneral, neuromuscular diseases encompass a wide range of physicalailments characterized by impaired muscle function. The following(non-limiting) list of conditions is generally recognized asneuromuscular diseases or conditions: multiple sclerosis, musculardystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, myopathy, inflammatorybowel disease (IBD), incontinence, inflexibility, impaired fine motorskills, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS” or Lou Gehrig'sdisease).

A stroke, formerly known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), oftenresults in severe neurological impairment. Post-stroke, many individualssuffer one or more neurological impairments including, but not limitedto: loss of fine motor control, paralysis, speech impairment/loss(aphasia and/or dysarthria), altered smell, taste, hearing, or vision,ptosis, ocular and facial muscle weakness, diminished reflexes, loss ofbalance, altered heart rate, apraxia, loss of memory, and/or confusion.

Numerous therapeutic methodologies are presently available for thetreatment of neurological conditions such as the ones listed above.Efficacious treatments have proven elusive, however, and existing drugswith the most promise often exhibit the most undesirable side effects.

Two of the most prominent diseases associated with impaired neurologicalfunction are MD, MS and RA. These diseases and currently availabletreatments therefore, are discussed in greater detail herein below.

Muscular Dystrophy

The term Muscular Dystrophy (MD) actually refers to a group of diseasescharacterized by muscle weakness and/or impaired muscle function. Thespecific diseases include, but are not limited to Becker, Duchenne, andEmery-Dreifuss. Over 100 diseases, however, display symptoms similar toMD. All are characterized by reduced muscle function and muscleweakness.

No cure exists for MD and many of the related pathologies. Physical andoccupational therapy may help those afflicted with MD manage life withthe disease, but neither therapy ameliorates or reverses the disease'sunderlying causes or symptoms. Antisense oligonucleotides have shownpromise as a treatment, but are costly and difficult to obtain for manyMD patients. As a result, a significant need exists for acost-effective, widely available treatment for MD (and relatedpathologies).

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease diagnosed in350,000-500,000 people in the United States. The disease ischaracterized by multiple areas of inflammation and scarring of themyelin in the brain and spinal cord. Patients inflicted with the diseaseexhibit varying degrees of neurological impairment depending on thelocation and extent of the myelin scarring. Typical MS symptoms includefatigue, weakness, spasticity, balance problems, bladder and bowelproblems, numbness, loss of vision, tremors, and depression. Availabletreatments of MS generally only alleviate symptoms or delay theprogression of the disability. Recently developed treatments for MS(including stem cell implantation and gene therapy) appear to be onlyconservatory. Consequently, improved approaches for the treatment of MSare needed.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is another troublesome disorder associatedwith inflammation. It is signified by chronic inflammation in themembrane lining (the synovium) of the joints and/or other internalorgans. These inflammatory cells can also damage bone and cartilage. Forexample, a joint inflicted with RA may lose its shape and alignment,which can result in the loss of range of motion. RA is characterized bypain, stiffness, warmth, redness and swelling in the joint, and othersystemic symptoms like fever, fatigue, and anemia. RA currently affectsroughly 1% of the entire U.S. population (approximately 2.2 millionpeople). The pathology of RA is not fully understood, although it hasbeen hypothesized to result from a cascade of aberrant immunologicalreactions.

In many cases, conventional treatments for RA have proven inefficient.For example, RA responds only partially to symptomatic medications suchas corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).These medications have been around since the 1950's, and possess asignificant risk of contraindications. Moreover, the therapeutic effectsof anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as Methotrexate (MTX) arefrequently inconsistent and only temporary. The latest class of“biologic” DMARDs (including ENBREL®, REMICADE®, HUMIRA®, and KINERET®)have shown promising treatment results, but significant concerns existregarding their long term safety profile. For example, studies haveshown an association between the use of both ENBREL® or REMICADE® andthe development of lymphoma. Other reports have demonstrated thatpatients treated with either drug exacerbate their congestive heartfailure and develop serious infection and sepsis, and aggravate symptomsof MS and other central nervous system problems. As with MS, a needexists for more effective treatments of RA.

Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is a bacterial infection (borrelia burgdorferi) spread byticks. The number of reported cases of Lyme disease, and the number ofgeographical areas in which it is found, has been increasing. Inaddition to causing arthritis, lyme disease can also cause heart, brain,and nerve problems. Early symptoms include skin-rash, flu-like symptoms(.e.g. chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, fatigue, muscleaches/pains, and joint pain). More advanced symptoms include nerveproblems and arthritis. Currently, there is no available vaccine on themarket in the US for lyme disease.

Lyme Disease Co-Infection

Often, ticks can become infected with multiple disease-causing microbes,resulting in co-infection. This may be a potential problem for humans,due to Borrelia burgdorferi, and other harmful pathogens carried andtransmitted by some ticks. Possible co-infections with viruses such aslyme borreliosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, or encephalitis may occur.It is not known how co-infection may affect disease transmission andprogression, but may help in diagnosing and treating lyme and other suchdiseases. Currently, there is no reliable and regular treatment for lymedisease co-infection.

Gastroparesis

Gastroparesis is a condition characterizes by the inability of thestomach to empty its contents, when there is no blockage (obstruction).The cause of gastroparesis is not known. There is some evidence that itmay be caused by a disruption of nerve signals to the stomach. Thecondition is a complication of diabetes and of some surgeries. Riskfactors associated with gastroparesis may include diabetes, gastrectomy(surgery to remove part of the stomach), systemic sclerosis, use ofmedication that blocks certain nerve signals (anticholinergicmedication). Symptoms may include abdominal distention, hypoglycemia (inpeople with diabetes), nausea, premature abdominal fullness after meals,weight loss, and vomiting. If gastroparesis is caused by a conditionthat is reversible (e.g. pancreatitis), when the condition is resolved,the symptoms will subside. For some diabetics, better control of theirblood sugar can also improve the symptoms. If there is no reversiblecause, gastroparesis rarely resolves itself and the symptoms often growmore sever with time. When accompanied by motility disorders of themuscles of the small intestine, gastroparesis is particularly difficultto treat.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to provide pharmaceuticaland/or dietary supplement compositions and methods of making and usingthe same to treat and reduce many of the symptoms of several diseases.The compositions contain an active pharmacological ingredient comprisedof a novel anhydrous copper complex of formula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄. Thepharmacologically active ingredient may be administered alone or incombination with additional active or inert agents or therapies (e.g.other anti-inflammatory agents, diluents, and/or excipients).

The pharmacologically active ingredient of the present inventionpossesses the following chemical structure, referred to herein asFormula I:

The present invention is also directed to a method of treating diseasesand other physical ailments or disorders. In a preferred embodiment themethod comprises the step of administering to a subject in need thereofan anhydrous copper complex of formula

C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄ to reduce and/or treat a disease or physical ailment ordisorder. Preferably the disease or physical ailment being treated is aneuromuscular disease. The treated diseases or disorders (or otherphysical ailments) include, but are not limited to: fibromyalgia, spinalcord injury, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, stroke, rheumatoidarthritis, pain, fatigue, sleeplessness, loss of fine motor control,speech loss, inflexibility, lyme disease, lyme disease co-infection,gastroparesis (GP), chronic inflammation, myopathy, chronicinflammation, and/or incontinence. It is also preferable that thesubject be diagnosed with one of the diseases and/or disorders prior totreatment. Preferred embodiments of the compositions of the presentinvention, including recommended dosages and methods of use, are morefully described below in the Detailed Description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Illustrative and exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in thedrawings in which:

FIG. 1 depicts imagery obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts imagery obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows the quantitative results obtained by mass spectrometryanalysis of a preferred embodiment of the composition of the invention.

FIG. 4 shows the O K results obtained by mass spectrometry analysis of apreferred embodiment of the composition of the invention.

FIG. 5 shows the Cl K results obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ofa preferred embodiment of the composition of the invention.

FIG. 6 shows the Cu K results obtained by mass spectrometry analysis ofa preferred embodiment of the composition of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows the N K results obtained by mass spectrometry analysis of apreferred embodiment of the composition of the invention.

FIG. 8 depicts imagery obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 depicts imagery obtained from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)analysis of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Elements and facts in the figures are illustrated for simplicity andhave not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequenceor embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Chemical Structure andProperties:

The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical and/or dietarysupplement compositions for treating a neuromuscular disease or otherdisorder. The diseases capable of treatment by the compositions of thepresent invention include, but are not limited to: fibromyalgia,multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis,Alzheimer's, dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS” or LouGehrig's disease), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, pain,fatigue, sleeplessness, loss of fine motor control, speech loss,inflexibility, lyme disease, lyme disease co-infection, gastroparesis(GP), myopathy, chronic inflammation, incontinence and/or depression.The treatment of the present invention comprises administering to asubject in need thereof a compound of formula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄, preferablythe chemical structure is of Formula I:

The present invention is further directed to pharmaceutical and/ordietary supplement compositions for treating a physical ailment ordisorder including, but not limited to: stroke, pain, fatigue,sleeplessness, inflexibility, myopathy, incontinence, impaired finemotor skills, high cholesterol, low sperm count, obesity, alopecia,burns, stretch marks, scars, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and erectile dysfunction. Thetreatment of the present invention comprises administering to a subjectin need thereof a compound of formula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄ (e.g., “FormulaI”):

Preferably the subject is first diagnosed with one of the disease listedabove before treatment.

In an alternate embodiment, the present invention is further directed topharmaceutical and/or dietary supplement compositions for treatingpost-stroke symptoms, including, but not limited to: loss of fine motorcontrol, paralysis, speech impairment/loss (aphasia and/or dysarthria),altered smell, taste, hearing, or vision, ptosis, ocular and facialmuscle weakness, diminished reflexes, loss of balance, altered heartrate, apraxia, loss of memory, and/or confusion. The treatment of thepresent invention comprises administering to a subject in need thereof acompound of formula C12H10ClCuN2O4 (e.g., “Formula I”):

Advantageously, the present invention is further directed topharmaceutical and/or dietary supplement compositions for promoting oneor more desired health benefits. In a preferred embodiment, thecompositions of the present invention promote hair growth, skin healing,scar removal, nerve growth, muscle growth, enhanced athleticperformance, reduced post-traumatic healing time, post-surgery healing,and/or enhanced libido.

Optionally, the compositions of the present invention are used incombination with additional active or inert agents or alternativetherapies (e.g. other anti-inflammatory agents, diluents, and/orexcipients). In a preferred embodiment, the alternative therapy is ozonetherapy. Preferably, use of the compositions of the present inventionenhances the effectiveness of the alternative therapy.

Preparations and Administrations:

The invention may be used to treat an animal with a disease or physicalailment or disorder including, but not limited to, one or more of thefollowing: fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy,rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's, dementia, ALS, depression, pain,fatigue, sleeplessness, inflexibility, myopathy, lyme disease, lymedisease co-infection, gastroparesis (GP), chronic inflammation,incontinence, impaired fine motor skills, high cholesterol, low spermcount, obesity, alopecia, burns, stretch marks, scars, ADD, ADHD, and/orerectile dysfunction, wherein it is preferable that the animal is amammal and more preferable that the mammal is a human.

Formula I is comprised of an anhydrous chlorobis copper I complex(nicotinic acid). Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition containingan effective amount of Formula I further comprises copper ascorbate(esterified Vitamin C), ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), and/or apharmaceutically acceptable excipient (carrier). More preferably, thepharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an inert diluent.

Frequency of dosage may vary depending on the purity of the compound andthe particular disease or physical ailment treated. However, fortreatment of most diseases and physical ailments, a dosage regimen of(4) 2.5 mg capsules (for a total of 10 mg/day) containing Formula I ispreferred. As will be understood by one skilled in the art, however, theoptimal dosage level for a particular subject will vary depending on aplurality of factors including the potency and activity of thepharmacologically active ingredient (e.g., Formula I), as well as theage, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration,route of administration and rate of excretion, drug combination (if any)and the severity of the particular disease or physical ailmentundergoing therapy. Subject to the above factors, a generally effectiveamount of Formula I is between 1 mg and 20 mg per day. More preferably,the effective amount of Formula I is between 5 mg and 10 mg per day.Advantageously, the effective amount of Formula I is between 7.5 mg to10 mg per day. Most preferably (subject to the factors listed above),the effective amount of Formula I is 10 mg/per day.

Formula I may also comprise a component of an overall pharmaceuticaltreatment regime for reducing and/or treating a disease or physicalailment or other disorder including, but not limited to: fibromyalgia,multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, rheumatoid arthritis,Alzheimer's, dementia, ALS, depression, pain, fatigue, sleeplessness,inflexibility, myopathy, incontinence, impaired fine motor skills, highcholesterol, low sperm count, obesity, alopecia, burns, stretch marks,scars, ADD, ADHD, and/or erectile dysfunction, the treatment regimecomprising: administering to a subject at the least the followingpharmacologically active ingredient(s) within a 24-hour period: acompound of Formula I, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient(s) is in anamount sufficient to reduce the symptoms of the ailment.

Optionally, the pharmaceutical treatment regime including Formula I mayinclude (or be combined with) additional pharmacologically activeingredients or other complementary treatments in order to providesynergistic therapeutic effects. For example, Formula I may beadministered in combination with additional pharmacologically activeagents including, but not limited to, non-steroidal anti-inflammatorydrugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs(DMARDs), biologic DMARDs, and/or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors.In a preferred embodiment, Formula I is administered in combination withozone therapy.

The pharmaceutical and/or dietary supplement compositions (containingFormula I) of the present invention may take a variety of formsspecially adapted to the chosen route of administration. Thecompositions may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, byinhalation or spray, or by any other conventional means. Preferably, thecompositions are prepared and administered in dosage unit formulationscontaining conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,adjuvants and vehicles. In one preferred embodiment, the composition isadministered sublingually. It is further understood that the preferredmethod of administration may be a combination of methods. Oraladministration in the form of a capsule, pill, elixir, syrup, lozenge,troche, or the like is particularly preferred. The pharmaceuticalcompositions of the present invention (containing Formula I) arepreferably in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets,troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders orgranules, emulsion, hard or softgel capsules, or syrups or elixirs.

Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to anymethod known in the art for manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions,and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from thegroup consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agentsand preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant andpalatable preparations. Tablets may contain the active ingredient inadmixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitablefor the manufacture of tablets. Such excipients may include, forexample, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate,lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating anddisintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid;binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricatingagents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Thetablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by techniques to delaydisintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and therebyprovide a sustained action over a longer period. For example, a timedelay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate maybe utilized.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsuleswherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, forexample, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as softgelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or anoil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture withexcipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Suchexcipients are suspending agents, for example sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia;and dispersing or wetting agents, which may be a naturally-occurringphosphatide, for example, lecithin, or condensation products of ethyleneoxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols—for example,heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxidewith partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, forexample polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions mayalso contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, orn-propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or moreflavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose orsaccharin.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredientsin a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil orcoconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oilysuspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hardparaffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forthabove, and flavoring agents may be added to provide palatable oralpreparations. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of ananti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid and/or copper ascorbate.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueoussuspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient(Formula I) in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspendingagent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wettingagents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentionedabove. Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring andcoloring agents, may also be present.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form ofoil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, forexample olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquidparaffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may benaturally occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth;naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example soy bean, lecithin, andesters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol;anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate; and condensation productsof the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for examplepolyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also containsweetening and flavoring agents.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for exampleglycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations mayalso contain a demulcent, a preservative, and flavoring or coloringagents. The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterileinjectable aqueous or oleaginous suspension. This suspension may beformulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing orwetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above.The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectablesolution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent orsolvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among theacceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition,sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent orsuspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employedincluding synthetic mono- and diglycerides. In addition, fatty acidssuch as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

Alternatively, the compositions can be administered parenterally in asterile medium. Formula I, depending on the vehicle and concentrationused, can either be suspended or dissolved in the vehicle.Advantageously, adjuvants such as local anesthetics, preservatives andbuffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle.

For administration to non-human animals, the composition containingFormula I may be added to the animal's feed or drinking water.Optionally, one skilled in the art will recognize that animal feed anddrinking products may be formulated such that the animal takes in aneffective amount of Formula I via their diet. For example, Formula I mayconstitute a component of a premix formulated for addition to the feedor drinking water of an animal. Compositions containing Formula I mayalso be formulated as food or drink supplements for humans.

Preferred embodiments of compositions containing Formula I will havedesirable pharmacological properties that include, but are not limitedto, oral bioavailability, low toxicity, and desirable in vitro and invivo half-lives. The half-life of Formula I is inversely proportional tothe frequency of dosage of Formula I.

It is to be understood that the foregoing describes preferredembodiments of the present invention and that modifications may be madethereto without departing from the scope or spirit of the presentinvention as set forth in the claims. Such scope is limited only by theclaims below as read in connection with the above specification. Manyadditional advantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art from the descriptions, drawings, and the claims setforth herein.

Representative Elemental and SEM Analysis

The following Tables (1-2) illustrate the results of an elementalanalysis of a composition comprising Formula I. The elemental analysisdepicts only one preferred embodiment of the invention and is no wayintended to limit the scope of the invention.

TABLE 1 Run 1 Element Theoretical Found Diff Cu 18.41% 15.73% −2.68

TABLE 2 Run 29129 Run 29130 Element Theoretical Found Diff Found Diff C41.75%  45.45%  3.7 45.3% 3.55 H 2.92%  2.8% −0.12 2.93% 0.01 N 8.11%8.51% 0.4 8.47% 0.36

As indicated in Tables 1-2, a representative sample of Formula Icomprises 15.73% copper. Given this data, one can calculate the amountof copper in a particular dose of Formula I. For example, a 2.5 mg dose(i.e. one capsule) yields 0.39 mg of copper. Similarly, a 10 mg dose(the preferred dose) yields 1.57 mg of copper. As will be readilyapparent to one skilled in the art, however, the actual percentage ofcopper present in any given sample of Formula I will vary depending on anumber of factors including, but not limited to, the purity, consistencyand source of the sample, as well as the synthetic methodology employedto obtain the sample.

FIGS. 1-9 depict data and imagery obtained from Scanning ElectronMicroscope (SEM) and spectrometer analysis of a preferred embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the copper particles areapproximately 1.4 micrometers (μm) in size.

EXAMPLE Preparation of Formula I

Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologiesthat may be employed to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptablecompositions of Formula I. One such (representative) example is setforth below:

A 3 L 3-neck round bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer,reflux condenser and a solid addition funnel was charged with nicotinicacid (131.61 g, 1.07 mol), ascorbic acid (21.4 g, 0.12 mol) and 90%aqueous ethanol (2 L) then placed in an appropriately sized heatingmantle. The resultant white suspension was stirred and heated gently to45° C. and cuprous chloride (35.2 g 0.36 mol) was introduced via theaddition funnel over 15 minutes while maintaining an inert atmosphere ofNitrogen throughout the system. During previous experiment attempts, anethanolic suspension of cuprous chloride was introduced to the reactionmixture as described in Patent Application WO/2010/009739, however,partial oxidation to Copper (II) chloride was observed during addition.To avoid such oxidation, the cuprous chloride was added via theaforementioned ‘screw-mechanism’ solid addition funnel and no oxidationto Copper (II) chloride was observed. The mixture was then placed underreflux and stirring was continued for a further 4.5 hours. Heating underreflux conditions was maintained for 4.5 hours rather than therecommended 5 minutes to ensure complete complexation. Previousexperiment attempts had shown incomplete reaction following just 5minutes of stirring. Upon cooling to 50° C., the mixture was filteredunder suction and the red filter cake was washed with aqueous ascorbicacid 5% w/v solution (400 mL), ethanol 90% (400 mL) and then acetone(100 mL). The red filter cake was then collected and dried en vacuo toafford a red solid (123 g).

It is to be understood that the method set forth hereinabove describes apreferred synthetic methodology and that modifications thereto may bemade without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Suchscope is limited only by the claims below as read in connection with theabove specification. May additional synthetic methodologies andadditional advantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to thoseskilled in the art from the above descriptions and the claims below.

We claim:
 1. A method of treating a disease selected from the groupconsisting of: fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy,rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's, dementia, amyotrophic lateralsclerosis, depression, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, sleeplessness,loss of fine motor control, speech loss, inflexibility, lyme disease,lyme disease co-infection, gastroparesis (GP), myopathy, chronicinflammation, stroke, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, sleeplessness,inflexibility, myopathy, incontinence, impaired fine motor skills, highcholesterol, low sperm count, obesity, alopecia, burns, stretch marks,scars, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder, and erectile dysfunction and incontinence, comprisingadministering to an animal in need of such treatment a copper complex offormula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal isa human being.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the copper complex isadministered sublingually.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the coppercomplex has a chemical structure of Formula (I):


5. The method of claim 2, wherein the compound is administered in a dosebetween 1 mg and 20 mg per day.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein thecompound is administered in a dose between 5 mg and 10 mg per day.
 7. Amethod of making an anhydrous copper complex, comprising the steps of:a) adding an effective amount of nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, and 90%aqueous ethanol to a container; b) applying heat to said container; c)stirring the contents of the container; d) adding cuprous chloride tothe container e) refluxing and stirring the contents of the container;f) cooling the contents of the container; g) filtering out the contentsof the container; h) washing the filtered contents of the container withaqueous ascorbic acid; i) washing the filtered contents with 90% aqueousethanol; j) washing the filtered contents with acetone; and k) dryingthe filtered contents.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the anhydrouscopper complex is a compound of formula C₁₂H₁₀ClCuN₂O₄.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the anhydrous copper complex is a compound having achemical structure of Formula (I):


10. A pharmaceutical and/or dietary supplement composition comprising aneffective amount of an anhydrous copper complex of Formula (I):

and a carrier.
 11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein thecarrier is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 12. The compositionaccording to claim 10, further comprising copper ascorbate and/orascorbic acid and the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an inertdiluent.
 13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein theeffective amount is between 1 mg and 20 mg.
 14. The compositionaccording to claim 10, wherein the composition is in a sublingual form.15. The composition according to claim 10, wherein the effective amountof the anhydrous copper complex of Formula (I) is in an amount between2.5 mg and 10 mg.
 16. The composition according to claim 15, wherein theeffective amount of the anhydrous copper complex of Formula (I) is in anamount between 5 mg and 10 mg.
 17. A treatment regime for reducingand/or treating an ailment selected from the group consisting of:fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, rheumatoidarthritis, Alzheimer's, dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,depression, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, sleeplessness, loss offine motor control, speech loss, inflexibility, lyme disease, lymedisease co-infection, gastroparesis (GP), myopathy, chronicinflammation, stroke, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, sleeplessness,inflexibility, myopathy, incontinence, impaired fine motor skills, highcholesterol, low sperm count, obesity, alopecia, burns, stretch marks,scars, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivitydisorder, and erectile dysfunction and incontinence, the treatmentregime comprising administering to a subject at least the followingactive ingredients within a 24 hour period: the pharmaceutical and/ordietary supplement composition of claim 10, wherein the activeingredient is in an amount sufficient to reduce the symptoms of theailment.
 18. The treatment regime of claim 17, wherein the compositionis administered in an amount between 1 mg and 20 mg.
 19. The treatmentregime of claim 17, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient isadministered in an amount between 2.5 mg and 10 mg.
 20. The treatmentregime of claim 17, wherein the composition is administered sublinguallyto a human subject.